Details of Research Outputs

What are the dynamics of the relationship between Turkey and China? How is the Sino-Turkish cooperation affected by other large regional powers? Are Turkey and China compatible enough to sustain a strong and steady relationship in a turbulent future? The relationship between the Republic of Turkey and the People’s Republic of China has had many ups and downs from 1949 to the present day. At the start of the Cold War, Turkey diplomatically recognized only the Republic of China (Taiwan) like its NATO allies. Following the Sino-American normalization in 1971, Ankara established diplomatic relations with Beijing and ceased contact with Taipei. Since then, relations between Turkey and China have grown steadily with some setbacks. Turkey and China analyses Turkey-China relations from political, economic, strategic, and cultural perspectives. Turkey’s policies towards Taiwan and the Uyghur cause are covered from the beginning. The Sino-Turkish cooperation on the economy, trade, the defence industry, energy, and nuclear technology are also elaborated. Crucially, the Silk Road partnership in the context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey’s Middle Corridor has a deep-rooted focus alongside future perspectives. Finally, the roles of other actors - particularly the United States and Russia - in Sino-Turkish relations have a primary focus, further clarified by the impact of international organizations and forums like the United Nations, NATO, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the European Union, the G20, and BRICS.

Contents:

• About the Author
• Acknowledgements
• List of Figures
• List of Maps
• List of Tables
• List of Abbreviations
• List of Prominent Individuals
• Introduction
• Turkey's Relations with the Republic of China on Taiwan (1949–1971):
  • Strong Anti-Communist Solidarity between Turkey and the Republic of China in the 1950s
  • Ankara's Relations with Taipei and Beijing in the Post-Cuban Missile Crisis
  • Emerging Eastern Turkistan Diaspora in Turkey and the Rise of Anti-PRC Stance in the Turkish Public
• Turkey's Establishment of Diplomatic Ties with the People's Republic of China and Initial Engagements (1971–1991):
  • Early Period of Relations (August 1971–1980)
  • Flourishing Sino-Turkish Partnership (1981–1991)
  • Increasing Economic and Cultural Exchanges
  • The Uyghurs as a Bridge of Friendship between China and Turkey
• The Strained Sino-Turkish Relations (1992–1997):
  • The Uyghur First Policy of Turkey
  • Seeking Normalization between Ankara and Beijing
  • Establishing Turkey's Trade Office in Taiwan
• Ankara's Beijing First Policy (1997–2009):
  • Developing Military Cooperation
  • Rising Economic Partnership
  • The 2009 Urumqi Riot and Outbreak of a Crisis between Ankara and Beijing
  • Low-Profile Relations between Turkey and Taiwan
• Adjusting Turkey's Relations with China (2010–2020):
  • Establishing Sino-Turkish Strategic Cooperation
  • Intensified Military-to-Military Relations
  • Deepening Economic Partnership
  • Increasing Chinese Cultural Influence over Turkey
  • The Uyghur Issue: From the Syrian War to Re-education Camps in Xinjiang
  • Turkey's Cautious but Steady Economic Relations with Taiwan
• Silk Road Cooperation:
  • Silk Road Initiatives of Russia, the United States, the European Union, Japan, South Korea, and India
  • China's Belt Road Initiative
  • Turkey's Middle Corridor
  • China–Pakistan Economic Corridor and Turkey
  • Compatibility between the Middle Corridor and the Silk Road Economic Belt
  • Compatibility between the Middle Corridor and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
• Future Perspectives for Turkey–China Relations:
  • Turkey's Interest to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS
  • Russia's Role in the Sino-Turkish Relationship
  • Building a Partnership or an Alliance between China and Turkey?
• Conclusion
• Index