Details of Research Outputs

The goal of this developmental speech perception study was to assess whether and how age group modulated the influences of high-level semantic context and low-level fundamental frequency (F₀) contours on the recognition of Mandarin speech by elementary and middle-school-aged children in quiet and interference backgrounds. The results revealed different patterns for semantic and F₀ information. One the one hand, age group modulated significantly the use of F₀ contours, indicating that elementary school children relied more on natural F₀ contours than middle school children during Mandarin speech recognition. On the other hand, there was no significant modulation effect of age group on semantic context, indicating that children of both age groups used semantic context to assist speech recognition to a similar extent. Furthermore, the significant modulation effect of age group on the interaction between F₀ contours and semantic context revealed that younger children could not make better use of semantic context in recognizing speech with flat F₀ contours compared with natural F₀ contours, while older children could benefit from semantic context even when natural F₀ contours were altered, thus confirming the important role of F₀ contours in Mandarin speech recognition by elementary school children. The developmental changes in the effects of high-level semantic and low-level F₀ information on speech recognition might reflect the differences in auditory and cognitive resources associated with processing of the two types of information in speech perception.